How too much fluoride causes defects in tooth enamel

Exposing teeth to excessive fluoride alters calcium signaling, mitochondrial function, and gene expression in the cells forming tooth enamel -- a novel explanation for how dental fluorosis, a condition caused by overexposure to fluoride during childhood, arises.

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Replacing animal testing with synthetic cell scaffolds

Electrospun synthetic cell scaffolds are not only more consistent than animal cells for cancer research, they hold the potential to replace animal testing.

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Global study maps cancer mutations in large catalogue

Mutations in 38 different types of cancer have been mapped by means of whole genome analysis by an international team of researchers. A catalogue of the cancer mutations will be available worldwide to doctors and researchers.

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A new substance prevents vascular calcification

The calcification of blood vessels and other soft tissues is problematic. Researchers have discovered a substance that prevents vascular calcification.

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New therapy option identified for early-stage breast cancer

Radionuclide therapy has been successful in delaying the growth of disseminated tumor cells in early-stage breast cancer. Radium-233 dichloride not only impacts cells directly hit by radiation but also has significant effects on cells outside of the radiation field, according to new research.

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Give and take: Cancer chromosomes give the game away

As tumors develop, cancer cells gain and lose so-called 'chromosome arms', changing their response to drugs, a finding which may offer better personalized treatments for 17 types of cancer.

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The first roadmap for ovarian aging

Infertility likely stems from age-related decline of the ovaries, but the molecular mechanisms that lead to this decline have been unclear. Now, scientists have discovered, in unprecedented detail, how ovaries age in non-human primates. The findings reveal several genes that could be used as biomarkers and point to therapeutic targets for diagnosing and treating female infertility and age-associated ovarian diseases, such as ovarian cancer, in humans.

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PET/MRI identifies notable breast cancer imaging biomarkers

Researchers have identified several potentially useful breast cancer biomarkers that indicate the presence and risk of malignancy, according to new research.

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Breastfeeding and childbearing linked to lower early menopause risk

Results of a new epidemiological analysis of more than 108,000 women observed a lower risk of early menopause among women who had at least one pregnancy lasting at least six months and among those who had breastfed their infants. Further, risk was lowest among those who breastfed exclusively.

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Why eating yogurt may help lessen the risk of breast cancer

One of the causes of breast cancer may be inflammation triggered by harmful bacteria suggest researchers. Scientists advise consuming natural yogurt, which contains beneficial bacteria which dampens inflammation and which is similar to the bacteria found in breastfeeding mothers. Their suggestion is that this bacteria is protective because breast feeding reduces the risk of breast cancer. The consumption of yogurt is also associated with a reduction in the risk of breast cancer.

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