Voltage gated calcium channels 'read' electric patterns in embryos to create cartilage and bone

Scientists have revealed how the electrical patterns formed within an embryo initiate a cascade of molecular changes that culminate in the development of cartilage and bone. Prior studies have shown these electrical patterns appear like blueprints of the tissues and organs that eventually take shape as the embryo matures. The new study demonstrates that voltage gated calcium channels 'read' the electrical pattern, setting off the expression of genes that guide differentiation to mature cells.

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Critical process for how breast cancer spreads in bones

Researchers have identified a pair of proteins believed to be critical for spreading, or metastasizing, breast cancer to bone.

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New evolution-busting drug overcomes resistance in aggressive breast cancers

A new type of drug that blocks one of cancer's key evolutionary escape routes from chemotherapy could be used to treat aggressive breast cancers, a new study has shown.

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Aggressive breast cancers store large amounts of energy, which enables it to spread

Researchers found that aggressive breast cancers store glycogen in very large amounts, offering an explanation of how cells can change their function to evade treatment, grow and spread. Targeting an enzyme involved in this process could potentially treat or prevent metastases.

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Early menopause predictor of heart disease

Women who reach menopause before the age of 50 have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, according to researchers.

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Scientists ID new targets to treat fibrosis, a feature of many chronic diseases

When it comes to repairing injured tissue, specialized cells in the body known as fibroblasts are called into action. Fibroblasts give rise to healing cells called myofibroblasts, which generally is good in the short term -- but bad when myofibroblast activation gets out of hand. Now, researchers show how fibroblast activation and myofibroblast formation occurs, providing clues for how to target fibrosis -- which impacts several chronic diseases.

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Early menopause predictor of heart disease

Women who reach menopause before the age of 50 have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, according to researchers.

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Laser therapy gains credibility as effective option for treating vaginal problems

Nearly 50% of menopausal women complain of vaginal dryness, itching, and burning, among other commonly reported menopause symptoms. Laser therapy is one of the newer techniques for addressing these problems. A new study suggests that it is as effective and safe as vaginal estrogen in improving sexual and urinary functionality.

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Decades-long drop in breast cancer death rate continues

A decades-long decline in the breast cancer death rate continues, but has begun to slow in recent years.

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Tenfold increase in number of adolescents on HIV treatment in South Africa since 2010, but many still untreated

A new study of more than 700,000 one to 19-year olds being treated for HIV infection suggests a ten-fold increase in the number of adolescents aged 15 to 19 receiving HIV treatment in South Africa.

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